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    <loc>https://adrialawrence.org/courses/colonialismforeignintervention</loc>
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    <loc>https://adrialawrence.org/home</loc>
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    <lastmod>2021-04-13</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Home - Background</image:title>
      <image:caption>Adria Lawrence holds a joint appointment in the Department of Political Science and the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). She is currently the Program Chair for the International Studies Program at the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences. In her historical research, she studies the politics of colonialism and anti-colonialism. She has also written on contemporary social movements and autocracy in North Africa. She teaches courses on colonial rule and foreign intervention, state formation, contentious politics, research design and qualitative methods. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago and a B.A. from Vassar college.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - Regional Focus</image:title>
      <image:caption>Professor Lawrence studies politics in the Middle East and North Africa. She specializes in places that experienced French colonial rule, such as Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Vietnam and Senegal. She has lived, worked, and done field research in Morocco and she has conducted archival and historical research in France and Tunisia.</image:caption>
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    <loc>https://adrialawrence.org/current</loc>
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    <lastmod>2024-08-27</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Current Research</image:title>
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      <image:title>Current Research - Autocracy and Colonial Rule</image:title>
      <image:caption>This book chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Authoritarian Politics (in progress; ed. Anne Wolf) considers how the colonial state differed from other autocratic states. (Pre-publication version here) Abstract: Scholars have shown that colonialism shaped successor regimes, creating conditions that favored democratic or autocratic rule. Though there is much literature on the effects of colonialism, there is less about colonial rule itself. What, if anything, makes colonial rule different from other kinds of autocratic rule? Political scientists have many theories about how postcolonial authoritarian regimes stay in power, but fewer about colonial regimes, and this chapter situates colonial rule within the study of autocracy. Drawing on existing scholarly work, it describes late imperial strategies for ruling colonial subjects. It focuses on direct and indirect rule, offering an analysis of these concepts, considering whether they make colonial rule distinctive, and questioning what they meant in practice. Under both types of rule, colonial officials and their delegates employed repression and violence to suppress resistance. This chapter thus shows that colonial regimes share features with other autocracies that depend on coercive practices to survive. Studying the colonial era has the potential to broaden our understanding of how autocratic regimes function.</image:caption>
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    <loc>https://adrialawrence.org/take-action</loc>
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    <lastmod>2021-03-26</lastmod>
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    <lastmod>2026-01-15</lastmod>
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    <loc>https://adrialawrence.org/contact</loc>
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    <lastmod>2021-04-13</lastmod>
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    <loc>https://adrialawrence.org/my-cv</loc>
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    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-01-15</lastmod>
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      <image:title>CV</image:title>
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    <loc>https://adrialawrence.org/take-action-1</loc>
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    <lastmod>2021-03-26</lastmod>
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    <loc>https://adrialawrence.org/books-1</loc>
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    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-02-27</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Books</image:title>
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    <lastmod>2024-08-27</lastmod>
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